Carbon storage in protected land is a practical climate stabilization strategy. Yet, increasing carbon sequestration by setting aside nature reserves does not depend only on the scale of the reserve, but more so, on the implementation and enforcement of the reserve protection policy. This paper shows how nature reserves established and managed by different administrative levels affect carbon sequestration.

We replicate the findings of Emlinger and Guimbard (ERAE, 2020) on the heterogeneous effects of per-unit tariffs on trade patterns for developed and developing countries. The general findings of the original study hold, with remarkable differences.

This paper assesses how bilateral distance affects within-firm-product variation in free-on-board (FOB) export prices across destinations. If distance doubles, the average Swiss agri-food firm increases its FOB export price by 2.3 per cent.

This paper disentangles the trade costs and demand-enhancing effects of two important standards—technical barriers to trade, and sanitary and phytosanitary measures—on (i) global agricultural trade flows and (ii) fruit, nut, and vegetable trade between sub-Saharan Africa and high-income OECD countries.

This paper assesses how cross-country differences in public mandatory food standards affect trade, prices and product quality upgrading in the agri-food sector. We estimate different gravity-type models that exploit the bilateral difference in maximum residue limits (MRLs) over the period from 2005 to 2014 for 145 products across 59 countries.

This article uses a theory-based translog gravity model to investigate the heterogeneous effects of food standards on aggregate agricultural trade. We revisit the ‘standards-as-barriers-to-trade’ debate with a distinctive twist. In contrast to existing works, we show that standards reduce trade but even more so for countries that trade smaller volumes.

In global agricultural value-chains, private food standards are proliferating. Yet, their trade effects remain poorly understood. This paper assesses the effect of GlobalGAP certification on exports of apples, bananas and grapes. We estimate a structural gravity model using a global dataset of certified producers and the share of certified land area in total harvest area.

The empirical evidence that institutional differences across countries affect bilateral trade is robust. The crucial question remains how countries can enhance trade amid these differences. In this article, we measure the degree to which governance and institutions differ between countries as “governance distance”. Using a sample of EU/EFTA imports, we examine how adopting private agrifood safety standards modify the effect of governance distance on exports.